![]() To quantify the related emissions, land use change reconstructions are needed, which are used to drive either bookkeeping or Dynamic Global Vegetation Models, e.g. LUCC-induced carbon (C) emission is one of the most uncertain terms in the global C budget 2, 3, and is thought to be responsible for approximately 25% of the historical atmospheric increase in CO 2 concentration 4. Land-use and cover-change (LUCC) resulting from anthropogenic activities are nearly ubiquitous across Earth’s surface, impacting biogeochemical cycles, and regional and global climate 1. ![]() This study underlines the importance of reliable land-use and cover-change databases in global carbon budget accounting. This indicates that previous studies have greatly underestimated the impact of land-use and cover-change on the terrestrial carbon balance of China. In contrast, climate changes (22.3%), increasing nitrogen deposition (12.9%), and rising carbon dioxide (8.1%) are less important contributors. The land-use and cover-change in China, characterized by a rapid forest expansion from 1980 to 2019, contributed to nearly 44% of the national terrestrial carbon sink. Land ecosystem model simulations driven with the new data reveal a strong carbon sink of 8.9 ± 0.8 Pg carbon from 1980 to 2019 in China, which was not captured in Food and Agriculture Organization data-based estimations due to biased land-use and cover-change signals. Here we develop a new land-use and cover-change database for China, finding that differing historical survey methods biased China’s reported data causing large errors in Food and Agriculture Organization databases. Nature Communications volume 13, Article number: 5374 ( 2022)Ĭarbon budget accounting relies heavily on Food and Agriculture Organization land-use data reported by governments. Forest expansion dominates China’s land carbon sink since 1980
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